Database Concepts

Since this project needs to store student data permanently, it relies on a database called SQLite, and it uses a few key database concepts throughout.

A. SQL queries are the actual commands used to talk to the database. The four main ones used here are INSERT to add a new student, SELECT to fetch and view records, UPDATE to modify existing details, and DELETE to remove a record entirely. Every single feature in this project, from adding a student to viewing a report card, runs on one of these queries underneath.

B. Foreign key relationships connect different tables together. In this project, the attendance and grades tables both store a roll_no column that links back to the students table. This means every attendance entry or grade belongs to a specific student, and the tables stay connected instead of existing as separate, unrelated pieces of data.

C. Parameterized queries are a safer way of writing SQL commands, where user input is passed in separately using ? placeholders instead of being directly inserted into the query text. This project uses this approach everywhere to prevent SQL injection, where unsafe user input could be used to manipulate or damage the database.