The Page Object Model<\/strong> is a design pattern that keeps web page details separate from test code. Each page in your app gets its own class, and that class stores the locators and actions needed to interact with that page. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Your test scripts then simply call these methods instead of dealing with raw locators directly. This makes your Selenium tests shorter, easier to read, and much simpler to fix when the UI changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Page Object Model (POM)<\/a> is a design pattern that creates an object repository for web UI<\/a> elements. Each web page is represented as a class<\/strong>, and its elements are defined as variables<\/strong>. All possible interactions (like click, input, and get text) are implemented as methods<\/strong> within that class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ready to automate real web apps? HCL GUVI’s <\/em><\/strong>Selenium Automation Testing for Beginners Course<\/a><\/em> teaches WebDriver, locators, and hands-on testing from scratch, with a certificate to boost your resume. Enroll now!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n A clean directory structure is crucial for POM. Here’s a typical structure:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \ud83d\udce6 project-root\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcc1 tests\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502 <\/strong>\u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcdd __ init __.py # Empty init file<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcdd test_login.py # Test cases using Page Objects<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcc1 pages\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502 <\/strong>\u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcdd __ init __.py # Empty init file<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcdd login_page.py # Page Object for Login Page<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcdd home_page.py # Page Object for Home Page<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcc1 utils\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502 <\/strong>\u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcdd __ init __.py # Empty init file<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcdd driver_factory.py # Browser driver setup & teardown<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcdd config.py # Configurations (URLs, credentials)<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcc1 reports\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcc1 pytest_html\/ # HTML report results<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcc1 screenshots\/ # Screenshots for failed tests<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2502<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2514\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udcdd requirements.txt # Python dependencies<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Want to build real software, not just study it? HCL GUVI’s <\/em><\/strong>Software and AI Engineer Programme<\/a><\/em> trains you in full-stack or backend engineering, AI-assisted workflows, and live projects, with mentorship and placement support. Enroll now and start building your career today!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Let\u2019s walk through an example of automating Amazon Login<\/strong> using POM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n login_page.py<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\nWhat is Page Object Model (POM)?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"What](\"https:\/\/www.guvi.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/01@2x-2-1200x630.png\" "\\"\\"")
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Implementing POM in Python Selenium<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"Implementing](\"https:\/\/www.guvi.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/02@2x-2-1200x630.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nStep 1: Install Required Packages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
pip install selenium pytest<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nStep 2: Driver Setup (driver_factory.py)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
from selenium import webdriver\n\nclass DriverFactory:\n\n @staticmethod\n\n def get_driver():\n\n driver = webdriver.Chrome()\n\n driver.maximize_window()\n\n driver.implicitly_wait(10)\n\n return driver<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nStep 3: Create Page Classes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\n\nclass LoginPage:\n\n def __init__(self, driver):\n\n self.driver = driver\n\n self.sign_in_link = (By.ID, \"nav-link-accountList\")\n\n self.email_field = (By.ID, \"ap_email\")\n\n self.continue_button = (By.ID, \"continue\")\n\n def click_sign_in(self):\n\n self.driver.find_element(*self.sign_in_link).click()\n\n def enter_email(self, email):\n\n self.driver.find_element(*self.email_field).send_keys(email)\n\n def click_continue(self):\n\n self.driver.find_element(*self.continue_button).click()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nStep 4: Write Test Script (test_login.py)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import pytest\n\nfrom pages.login_page import LoginPage\n\nfrom utils.driver_factory import DriverFactory\n\nclass TestLogin:\n\n def setup_method(self):\n\n self.driver = DriverFactory.get_driver()\n\n self.driver.get(\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\")\n\n def teardown_method(self):\n\n self.driver.quit()\n\n def test_login_with_valid_email(self):\n\n login_page = LoginPage(self.driver)\n\n login_page.click_sign_in()\n\n login_page.enter_email(\"testuser@example.com\")\n\n login_page.click_continue()\n\n assert \"Authentication\" in self.driver.title # Example assertion<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nStep 5: Running the Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
pytest tests\/test_login.py<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nStep 6: Advanced Enhancements<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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